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Rates of anaphylaxis in early childhood are rising, yet there remains a paucity of data on age-specific presentations and outcomes. While prompt treatment is essential, symptoms can differ from older children. Observation after stabilization is routinely used; however, no infant and toddler-specific data guide the duration of monitoring. Identifying predictors of biphasic anaphylaxis could help guide observation times.

Children are particularly vulnerable to air pollution, but the effects of early life exposure to acute, high-intensity pollution on later lung function remain poorly understood. We assessed the association between prenatal or infant exposure to fire-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from a six-week coal mine fire and subsequent lung function. 

Britta Regli-von Ungern-Sternberg AM FAHMS MD, PhD, DEAA, FANZA Chair of Paediatric anaesthesia, University of Western Australia; Consultant

With persistent challenges in determining the 'right' therapy or support for autistic children, there is a growing need for clinicians to integrate the preferences and priorities of clients and their families in their clinical decision making.

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma with heterogenous aetiology and presentation. In children, it often leads to short-term residual neurological deficits, however clinical predictors of adverse long-term outcome are not fully understood.

The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development are widely used to assess early development, yet evidence for inter-rater reliability in multidisciplinary contexts remains limited. This study evaluated inter-rater reliability and agreement of the newest edition, Bayley-4, at age two years when administered by a multidisciplinary allied health team within a longitudinal cohort.  

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are prevalent among First Nations peoples in Australia. In Western Australia (WA), notification of ARF and RHD to the WA RHD register is mandatory and supports follow-up care. However, previous studies from rural WA have reported incomplete notification, suggesting gaps in surveillance and hospital-registry linkage.

The Western Australian paediatric ESCALATION system, integrating family involvement, promotes early recognition and response to a hospitalised child's deteriorating health. This study aimed to understand healthcare professionals' experiences of Aboriginal parent/carer involvement in detecting clinical deterioration in the hospital.

To identify factors influencing implementation and integration of the paediatric ESCALATION system in country Western Australia.

This study aimed to investigate the associations between glycemic outcomes and a range of clinical and demographic factors, including treatment modality, sex, age, diabetes duration, and body mass index, in youth with type 1 diabetes in an international registry.